Key Characteristics of Carbon Steel Plates:

• Composition: Carbon steel plates typically contain carbon content ranging from 0.05% to 2.0%, which affects their hardness and strength.
• Types: They can be categorized into low, medium, and high carbon steels, each with different properties and applications.
• Applications: Commonly used in structural applications, such as beams, columns, and bridges, as well as in manufacturing processes for machinery and equipment.

Benefits:

• Strength and Durability: Carbon steel plates are known for their high tensile strength and ability to withstand heavy loads.
• Cost-Effectiveness: They are generally more affordable compared to other types of steel, making them a popular choice for various projects.
• Weldability: Many carbon steel plates can be easily welded, allowing for versatile construction and fabrication options.

Carbon steel plates are offered in various grades, categorized based on carbon content and strength.

These plates are classified as low, medium, and high carbon steel. Increasing carbon content enhances the plate’s durability and strength. Additionally, there are subcategories based on thickness, usage, and manufacturing processes. Typically, carbon steel plates range in thickness from 0.4 mm to 80 mm, with widths varying from 1,000 mm to 45,000 mm, and lengths can extend up to 18 meters. However, lengths can be customized to meet specific application needs. Furthermore, these plates can be utilized to produce cold-rolled steel coils.

to put them into various applications. One can also make cold rolled steel coils from them.

Carbon content levels for each of carbon steel plate

Low carbon steel plate: For carbon content 0.06% to 0.25%, also we call it mild steel plate.
Medium carbon steel plate: C content from 0.25% to 0.55%.
High carbon steel plate: 0.55% to 1.0%, also called hard steel plate.
As the content of Carbon increase, the steel plate hardness increases.

What Are The Different Types Of Carbon Steel Plates Available?

Carbon steel plates are utilized across various industries due to their versatility. They are categorized by carbon content, ranging from low to high, and also classified based on their specific usage and applications. Different types of carbon steel plates serve as fundamental materials for component construction in machinery and production companies, thanks to their durability, making them suitable for various manufacturing parts.

In addition to carbon steel plates, other categories include vessel steel plates, shipbuilding or construction steel plates, structural steel plates, pipeline plates, and stainless steel plates.

Below there are Different Types Of Carbon Steel Plates And Their Usage.

Carbon Structural Steel Plate

It is mostly used in construction industry and hence, the quality, durability, and performance have to be of highest standard. They have to withstand overweight load and pressure and must be corrosion resistant. It is known by the name construction steel plate.

Boiler Steel Plate

These are high-pressure plates generally used in designing vessels, boilers, and heat containers. Carbon boiler steel plates have low corrosive property and can withstand low heat. Several layers of either chromium or nickel are added to make it suitable for usage in various environments.

Tanks Steel Plate

These plates are used for building of oil and gas tanks, storage tanks, water tanks, and tanks for storage other all kinds of stuffs.

Carbon Shipbuilding Steel Plate

Shipbuilding Steel Plate – These plates are in high demand especially from oil and gas industry as they require thick plates of extremely good quality. Most of these are made according to the specifications of the customers and the steel used is certified because a small lamellar tear can be fatal.

What standards referred to carbon steel plate

Carbon steel plate almost include all the common standards of steel plate/sheet.

1. ASTM A36 plates – The most common standards of carbon steel plate
2. ASTM A283 Grade A, B, C – Also most common material in carbon structural.
3. ASTM A516 – For boiler, vessel steel plate.
4. ASTM A537 – For heat treated carbon steel plate in fusion welded pressure vessels and structural steel plates.
5. ASTM A573 – A kind of structural steel plate with carbon-manganese-silicon.
6. ASTM A572 – ASTM A572 plate mechanical strength is higher than A36. Where with lower weight.
7. ASTM A737 – For boiler, pressure vessels steel plate of low alloy steel.
and etc..

So carbon steel plates have a widely coverage for different types of steel plates in different industries.

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Common chemical elements in steel pipes and steel plates

Common chemical elements in steel is C, Mn, S, P, Si, V, Al, Cr, Mo, Ni, B. Considering on different type elements added and percentage properties, steel pipe and steel plate will shows different properties.

Such as for sour service pipe, Nace material pipe and fittings, it has a strict control with C, CEq, P, S, elements content.

Especially for Sulfur (S) content maximum at 0.002 for sour service pipe, but normal pipes S content maximum 0.015. This is a big difference.

The reason that why we need to control S to very less percentage, is S can push HIC happens; More S elements content and it will be more easy to generate HIC, Sulfer is an extremely harmful element.

Effects of each chemical elements on steel

1. Effect of Carbon (C) in steel

What is Carbon (C) effect to steel material?

Carbon is the most important elements found in steel material. Steel material mechanical strength is directly connected with carbon content.

When the carbon element content increased, yield point and tensile strength increased, but the plasticity and impact reduced.

In case carbon content more than 0.23%, steel welding performance will get worse.

So in the low alloy steel structural, to get better welding performances, the carbon content usually less than 0.2%.

Meanwhile, high carbon content also reduces the air corrosion resistance of steel, and the high carbon steel in the open field is easy to rush.

In addition, carbon will increase the cold brittleness and aging sensitivity of steel.

2.Effect of Phosphorus (P) on steel

Effect of phosphorus on steel made various effects in steel pipe and steel plate, in case on different concentrations.

Generally speaking, phosphorus is a harmful element in steel, it will increases the cold brittleness. It makes welding, pending performances get worse, and reduce the plasticity.

Therefore, the content of phosphorus in steel material is usually less than 0.045%, in high-quality steel material grade it is lower.

In higher steel grade, P content is 0.03 to 0.05, if P exceed 0.10 in low alloy high strength steels, it will increase the strength as well as improve the corrosive resistant performances. But the bad part is even the strength increased through P, it becomes brittle, ductility and toughness will reduce.

3.Effect of Sulfur (S) in steel pipe

Effect of Sulfur in steel.

As we know, sulfur is a harmful element. It increase hot brittleness, reduce the ductility and toughness, cause cracks in forging and rolling.

Secondly, Sulfur is bad for welding performance, reduce the corrosion resistance. So it usually requires the sulfur content is less than 0.055%.

For the high-quality of steel, it requires S should be less than 0.04%. By adding 0.08-0.2% sulfur could improve cutting performance, which often called easy cutting steel.

So even S is a harmful element, if content less than 0.05%, it would be accept in general applications.

Semi-metal and metal elements in steel

4.Effect of Silicon (Si) on steel

The effect of silicon (Si) in steel.

Si is used as a reducing agent and deoxidizer in steel making process, and usually contains 0.15-0.30% silicon in the sedative steel.

Silicon can improve the elastic limit of steel, yield point and tensile strength. So it has been widely used for spring steel.

In the quenched and tempered structural steel by adding 1.0-1.2% silicon, the strength will increased by 15-20%.

Silicon combines with molybdenum, tungsten, chromium and other composition, improve the corrosion resistance and anti-oxidation. So this combination of steel fit for producing the electrical heat-resistant steel.

But if increase silicon content the welding performance will reduce.

5.Effect of Manganese (Mn) in steel

Effect of manganese (Mn) on steel. In the steel making process, manganese is a good deoxidizer and desulfurization agent, the general steel containing 0.3-0.35% manganese. When adding more than 0.7% manganese in carbon steel it called manganese steel. Which not only have enough toughness, but also higher strength and hardness.

Manganese can improve the quenching and thermal processing performance of steel, such as 16 Mn alloy steel yield point is 40% more than A3 steel.

In addition, the steel which contains 11-14% manganese have high wear resistance, for the excavator bucket, ball mill liner. With manganese content increasing, corrosion resistance and welding performance reduces.

For example for API STANDARD 650, it requires ASTM A36 carbon (as rolled semi-killed or fully-killed) steel plate of all thickness shall have manganese content of 0.80% – 1.20% by heat analysis.

Alloy Chemical Elements Effects to Steel Performances

Above chemical elements are included in all of the general steel material.

On the other hand, Alloy steel pipe and plate chemical elements not only contains the normal chemicals like C (carbon), Si (silicon), Mn (manganese), P (phosphorus), S. But also with other alloy elements like Cr (chromium), Ni (nickel), Mo (molybdenum), tungsten, V (vanadium), Ti (titanium), Nb (niobium), Zr (zirconium), Co (cobalt), Al (aluminum), Co (copper), B (boron), rare earth and so on. Alloy steel pipe includes many types, commonly divided into low alloy, alloy and high alloy steel pipe, considering on how many types and percentages of the alloy chemical elements.

Effects of chemical elements in alloy steel pipe material.

6.Effect of chromium (Cr) in steel

Effect of chromium (Cr) in steel pipe can improve strength, hardness, corrosive, wear resistance significantly. It is an important alloy element of stainless steel and heat-resistant steel pipe and plate. On the other side, it will reduce the plasticity and toughness.

7.Effect of nickel (Ni) in steel

Effect of Nickel (Ni) in steel pipe can improve strength meanwhile maintaining good plasticity and toughness. It has a high corrosion resistance to acid and alkali, anti-rust and heat resistant. But for it is a scarce resource, we should try to use other alloy elements instead of nickel-chromium steel.

8.Effect of molybdenum (Mo) on steel

Effect of molybdenum (Mo) can make steel grain refinement, improve the harden and thermal ability. It can maintain sufficient strength and creep resistance (deformation occurs under long-term stress at high temperatures calls creep). Adding molybdenum in structural steel can improve mechanical properties. In additional it can inhibit brittleness caused by quenching.

9.Effect of titanium (Ti) on Steel

Effect of titanium (Ti) chemical elements in alloy steel pipe. It is a strong deoxidizer in steel. It can make the internal structure dense, fine grain strength; reduce aging sensitivity and cold brittleness. Moreover, it can improve welding performance. In the chrome 18 nickel 9 austenitic stainless steel, by adding the appropriate titanium could avoid internal grain corrosion.

10. Effect of vanadium (V) in steel

Effect of vanadium (V) chemical elements in alloy steel pipe. It is an excellent deoxidizer for steel. Adding 0.5% V to the steel pipe material can refine the grain and improve the strength and toughness. Carbide forming by vanadium and carbon, in high temperature and high pressure can improve the ability of hydrogen corrosion resistance.

11. Tungsten (W)

Effect of chemical elements tungsten in steel. As tungsten melting point is highest in metal discovered, the proportion is large, it is a kind of precious alloy elements. Tungsten with C together could form tungsten carbide which has a high hardness and wear resistance. By adding tungsten in tool steel will improve the red hardness and thermal strength significantly. This type of material could be used to cut steel and forging mold.

12. Niobium (Nb)

Effect of Nb (niobium) can refine the grain and reduce the steel overheating sensitivity and tempering brittleness, improve strength, but the plasticity and toughness will decrease. Adding niobium to the ordinary low-alloy steel, can improve the anti-atmospheric corrosion and high temperature hydrogen, nitrogen, ammonia corrosion. Furthermore, niobium improves welding performance. By adding niobium to austenitic stainless steel can prevents internal grain corrosion.

13. Cobalt (Co)

Cobalt is a rare precious metal, used for special steel and alloys, such as hot steel and magnetic materials.

14. Copper (Cu)

Effect of Cu chemical elements in alloy steel pipe. Copper can improve strength and toughness, especially anti-atmospheric corrosion performance. The disadvantage is that in the hot processing is easy to produce hot brittle, more than 0.5% copper content will lead to plasticity reduces significantly. When the copper content is less than 0.50% has no effect on the welding performance.

15. Aluminum (Al)

Effect of chemical elements Al (aluminum) is an usual deoxidizer in steel. By adding a little amount of aluminum can refine grain, improve the impact toughness, such as 08Al steel. Aluminum also have anti-oxidation and corrosion resistance. Combined with chromium and silicon can improve the peeling resistance and high temperature resistance of steel. The disadvantages of aluminum is to influence the hot workability of the steel, the welding performance and the cutting performance.

16. Boron (B)

Steel by adding trace amounts of boron can improve the steel’s compactness and hot-rolled properties, improve strength.

17.Rare earth (XT)

These elements are metals, but their oxides are like “soil”, so usually known as rare earth. The addition of rare earth to the steel can change the composition, morphology, distribution and properties of the inclusions in the steel, thereby improving the various properties of the steel, such as toughness, welding performance, and cold processing performance.